XYZ BIMCollective · Portugal Research
xyzbim.eu / pesquisa / bim-radar · scan2bim · 2026-09-01

Scan-to-BIM, photogrammetry and Gaussian splatting in architecture

All the free papers (open access) on reality capture applied to the built environment — scan-to-BIM, photogrammetry, laser scanning, point clouds, NeRF and Gaussian splatting — indexed by OpenAlex since 2015. The colour measures the intensity of each theme in its own history; the number is the total of papers in the year (a paper can count in several themes).

papers analysed4,353 since 2015
in 2026796 so far
themes16
#1 themePhotogrammetry

Heatmap — theme × year

▲ gaining weight · ▼ losing weight · ★ emerging — change in the theme's share of corpus papers, 2024–2026 vs the 2019–2023 average. Click a cell, a theme name or the cards to open the papers (links to the full text).

theme201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026*total
Photogrammetry981851941732922962783093693765685393677
HBIM & heritage851531801342632472462803433275395513348
Laser scanning & LiDAR59120130861621641551662161863293262099
Point clouds & processing·3249482684727098105991912161090
3D reconstruction & meshing26454929666044631011122242711090
UAV & drones·14342629646975831031151922051009
Urban, GIS & 3D cities14473931474665659895201244992
Dimensional verification / QA-QC / as-built·30434240937264858889149183978
Semantic segmentation & AI891519324437515190148172676
Low-cost equipment & depth cameras142829143827332957365971435
Monitoring & deformation91318182734162740417582400
Gaussian splatting·········26121200347
Scan-to-BIM & automatic modelling··732514202440244456257
NeRF & radiance fields······35134778104250
SLAM & navigation1·13747512153140126
Other / general·1·131··1·11211
papers / year991892051853153222993374154467457964,353
less more (theme max) * 2026 partial (up to 9 months)
▸ click a cell, a theme name or the cards to open the papers (links to the full text)

Rising — growing share

Losing weight

The most cited papers of the last 3 years (open access)

  1. Recent advances in 3D Gaussian splatting2024 · 216 citations · Computational Visual Media
  2. 3D Gaussian Splatting as a New Era: A Survey2024 · 177 citations · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
  3. HumanRF: High-Fidelity Neural Radiance Fields for Humans in Motion2023 · 141 citations · ACM Transactions on Graphics
  4. Neural radiance fields in 3D vision: A comprehensive review2026 · 112 citations · Computational Visual Media
  5. A Critical Analysis of NeRF-Based 3D Reconstruction2023 · 109 citations · Remote Sensing
  6. H-BIM and Artificial Intelligence: Classification of Architectural Heritage for Semi-Automatic Scan-to-BIM Reconstruction2023 · 97 citations · Sensors
  7. Static Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM): A Systematic Review2023 · 85 citations · Virtual Worlds
  8. Procedural Point Cloud Modelling in Scan-to-BIM and Scan-vs-BIM Applications: A Review2023 · 84 citations · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
  9. Automated monitoring innovations for efficient and safe construction practices2024 · 73 citations · Results in Engineering
  10. Condition Assessment of Heritage Buildings via Photogrammetry: A Scoping Review from the Perspective of Decision Makers2023 · 72 citations · Heritage
  11. A Comparative Analysis of UAV Photogrammetric Software Performance for Forest 3D Modeling: A Case Study Using AgiSoft Photoscan, PIX4DMapper, and DJI Terra2024 · 64 citations · Sensors
  12. CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities2023 · 61 citations · Buildings
  13. Integration of photogrammetry and laser scanning for enhancing scan-to-HBIM modeling of Al Ula heritage site2023 · 61 citations · Heritage Science
  14. Comparative Assessment of Neural Radiance Fields and Photogrammetry in Digital Heritage: Impact of Varying Image Conditions on 3D Reconstruction2024 · 61 citations · Remote Sensing
  15. Heritage building information modeling (HBIM) for heritage conservation: Framework of challenges, gaps, and existing limitations of HBIM2024 · 59 citations · Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage